In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, salt, and sugar. Add the cold cubed butter and use a pastry cutter or your fingertips to work quickly until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs with some pea-sized pieces remaining. Drizzle ice water, one tablespoon at a time, mixing gently after each addition until the dough just begins to come together.
Divide the dough into two equal portions and shape each into a disc. Wrap tightly in plastic wrap and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes or up to 2 days.
While the dough chills, peel, core, and slice your apples thinly (about ¼-inch thick). In a large bowl, gently toss the apples with lemon juice. In a separate bowl, mix together both sugars, flour, spices, and salt. Combine the sugar mixture with the apples, ensuring every slice is coated.
Let the apple mixture sit for 15-20 minutes, then drain excess liquid. Reserve 3 tablespoons of this naturally flavored juice to add back to the filling just before baking.
Preheat your oven to 425°F (220°C) with a baking sheet inside. Roll out one disc of dough on a lightly floured surface to a 12-inch circle, about ⅛-inch thick. Transfer to a 9-inch pie dish, allowing excess to hang over edges.
Add the apple filling, mounding slightly higher in the center. Arrange apple slices rather than dumping them in to minimize air pockets.
Roll out the second disc of dough. For a traditional look, place it over filling and crimp edges decoratively. Cut several vents in the top. For a lattice design, cut the dough into 1-inch strips and weave them over the filling.
Brush the top crust with egg wash and sprinkle with turbinado sugar just before baking.
Place the pie on the preheated baking sheet. Bake at 425°F for 20 minutes, then reduce temperature to 375°F (190°C) and continue baking for 30-35 minutes more, until crust is golden brown and filling is bubbling. If edges brown too quickly, shield them with aluminum foil.
Transfer pie to a wire rack and allow to cool completely (minimum 3 hours) before slicing.