Gather and prepare all ingredients. Season chicken pieces with salt and pepper. Zest and juice your lemon, keeping them separate. Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil for the pasta.
Cook pasta according to package instructions until al dente. Reserve 1/2 cup of pasta water before draining.
Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add chicken pieces and cook until golden brown on all sides and cooked through, about 6-8 minutes. Remove chicken from pan and set aside.
In the same skillet, reduce heat to medium and add minced garlic. Sauté for 30 seconds until fragrant but not browned.
Add chicken broth to the skillet and use a wooden spoon to scrape up any browned bits from the bottom of the pan. Pour in the heavy cream, lemon zest, and half of the lemon juice. Bring to a gentle simmer.
Return the chicken to the skillet. Add the drained pasta and toss to coat in the sauce. If the sauce seems too thick, add reserved pasta water, one tablespoon at a time, until you reach your desired consistency. Stir in the Parmesan cheese until melted and incorporated.
Taste and adjust seasoning with salt, pepper, and remaining lemon juice as needed. Remove from heat and finish with fresh parsley and an additional sprinkle of Parmesan if desired.