Sterilize your jars by washing them in hot, soapy water, then placing them in a 225°F (107°C) oven for 10 minutes. Keep them warm until ready to fill. Place a small plate in the freezer for testing the jam's set later.
Wash your rhubarb stalks thoroughly and trim off any leaves (important: rhubarb leaves are toxic). Cut stalks into approximately ½-inch pieces.
In a large, heavy-bottomed pot, mix the chopped rhubarb, sugar, lemon juice, lemon zest, vanilla bean (if using), and salt. Let the mixture stand for 15 minutes.
Place the pot over medium heat and stir until sugar dissolves completely. Increase heat to medium-high and bring to a rolling boil. Reduce heat slightly and cook for 30-35 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking.
After 30 minutes, perform the "plate test" by dropping a small amount of jam onto your chilled plate. Push it with your finger—if it wrinkles and doesn't immediately flow back, it's ready. If not, continue cooking for 3-5 minute intervals, testing again after each.
Remove vanilla bean if used. Carefully ladle hot jam into warm sterilized jars, leaving ¼-inch headspace. Wipe rims clean, apply lids, and screw on bands until fingertip tight. Process in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes for long-term shelf storage, or refrigerate immediately for up to 3 weeks.