In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Create a well in the center.
In a separate medium bowl, whisk the buttermilk, eggs, melted butter, and vanilla until well combined.
Pour the wet ingredients into the well of dry ingredients. Using a wooden spoon or rubber spatula, stir just until combined—you should still see small lumps throughout.
Let the batter rest for 10 minutes. This critical step allows the flour to fully hydrate and the leavening agents to activate.
Heat a griddle or large non-stick skillet over medium heat. When a few drops of water dance across the surface before evaporating, it's ready. Add a small amount of butter and spread it evenly.
Using a ¼ cup measure for consistent sizing, pour batter onto the hot surface. Cook until bubbles form across the top and edges appear set (about 2-3 minutes).
Flip once with confidence and continue cooking another 1-2 minutes until golden brown and cooked through.
Serve warm with your choice of toppings such as butter, maple syrup, fresh fruit, or whipped cream.