In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well combined.
In a separate bowl, whisk the buttermilk, eggs, melted butter, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully incorporated.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and gently fold together using a rubber spatula. Stop when you still see a few small lumps; they'll cook out naturally.
Allow your batter to rest for 10 minutes. This crucial step allows the gluten to relax and the baking powder to activate.
Heat a non-stick skillet or griddle over medium heat and lightly butter the surface. Pour ¼ cup of batter for each pancake, then sprinkle about 1 tablespoon of blueberries onto each pancake.
Cook until bubbles form on the surface (about 2-3 minutes), then flip and cook for another 2 minutes until golden brown.
As you cook batches, place finished pancakes on a wire rack set over a baking sheet in a 200°F oven to keep them warm and crisp until serving.
Serve warm with maple syrup, additional fresh blueberries, or your favorite toppings.